An analysis of the completeness of referral forms and cases evaluated by an oral medicine specialized service

Introduction: Oral lesions are present in approximately 30% of the population worldwide. Although the mouth is an anatomical region that can be easily accessed for direct visual examination, most dentists of dental surgeons have reported difficulties in the diagnosis and management of oral diseases. The primary aim of this study was to assess the completeness of referral forms of the patients referred by dentists from the primary care basic health units to an Oral Medicine service. The secondary aim was to analyze if the complexity of the cases justify the referral to a specialist. Methods: Data from 131 referral forms of patients referred from June 2014 to April 2016 were retrieved from the records. The referral's completeness analysis comprised two stages. Stage 1 mainly comprised patient and applicant's information. In the Stage 2, the documents were scored according to amount of information, including the description of the lesion characteristics and the procedures required for the patients' diagnosis and management. The referral was considered justifiable if some procedures not available at primary care were required for diagnosis or treatment. Results: Five (9.8%) referral forms were considered well filled. Diagnosis agreement was 71.4%. Regarding the need of referral, 40,6% of the cases (n = 50) could be settle at the primary care. Conclusion: In conclusion, few referral forms had high-quality information and the many cases could be managed at primary care health services. (AU)

Anomalías Vasculares de la Cavidad Oral: Revisión de la Clasificación y Tratamiento Aplicado a dos Casos Clínicos / Vascular Anomalies of the Oral Cavity: Review of Classification and Treatment Applied to Two Clinical Cases

RESUMEN: Las anomalías vasculares de cabeza y cuello son un grupo de lesiones que afectan vasos sanguíneos y linfáticos donde el tratamiento sigue siendo un desafío. La clasificación actualizada de anomalías vasculares de cabeza y cuello es la clasificación de Mulliken modificada, que las subdivide en a) tumores vasculares y, b) malformaciones vasculares. En este reporte, presentamos dos casos clínicos de pacientes de sexo masculino, con diagnóstico de anomalías vasculares que afectan al labio y paladar duro, diagnosticados como malformación arteriovenosa y malformación venosa, respectivamente. Dichas lesiones remitieron completamente mediante tratamientos conservadores (agentes esclerosantes) y/o quirúrgicos (exéresis quirúrgica completa de la lesión) logrando una remisión completa. Consecutivamente, presentamos una revisión de la literatura enfocado a la clasificación actual, enfoques terapéuticos actuales y futuros.

ABSTRACT: Vascular anomalies of the head and neck are a group of lesions that affect blood and lymph vessels where treatment remains a challenge. The updated classification of head and neck vascular anomalies is the modified Mulliken classification, which subdivides them into a) vascular tumors and b) vascular malformations. In this report, we present two clinical cases of male patients, with diagnosis of vascular anomalies affecting the lip and hard palate, diagnosed as arteriovenous malformation and venous malformation, respectively. These lesions were completely treated with conservative (sclerosing agents) and/or surgical (complete surgical exeresis of the lesion) treatments, achieving a complete remission. Consequently, we present a review of the literature focused on the current classification, current and future therapeutic approaches.

Orofacial functions and quality of life in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the orofacial functions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). This case-control study included patients with UCLP matched by sex and age with controls (children without UCLP), resulting in the inclusion of a total of 108 eight- to ten-year-old children. Orofacial functions and OHRQoL were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S) and the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ 8-1 0 ), respectively. Data normality was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Differences and correlations in NOT-S and CPQ 8-1 0 scores between and within the groups were evaluated using Mann-Whitney and Spearman´s correlation tests, respectively. The distribution of NOT-S and global ratings of CPQ 8-1 0 for each group were assessed by Chi-squared/Fisher's Exact tests. The UCLP group had a higher NOT-S total and examination scores than the controls. Dysfunctions related to breathing, facial symmetry/expression, and speech were more frequent in the UCLP patients than in the controls. The UCLP group had higher scores on the social well-being domain than the controls. There was a significant difference between the groups in their ratings in regards to the extent to which their oral condition affected their life overall, with controls perceiving it as somewhat better than patients. In both groups, NOT-S total and interview scores were positively correlated with CPQ 8-1 0 total and domain scores. The NOT-S examination score was only significantly correlated with social domain scores in the control group. The presence of UCLP was associated with clinical signs of orofacial dysfunctions related to breathing, facial symmetry/expression, and speech. Children with UCLP reported more orofacial dysfunctions and negative impacts on social well-being than controls.

Tratamento cirúrgico da limitação de abertura bucal causada por hiperplasia do processo coronoide: relato de caso / Surgical treatment for mouth opening limitation caused by coronoid process hyperplasia: case report

A hiperplasia do processo coronoide é uma condiçãoincomum de etiologia desconhecida que se apresentaclinicamente por meio da limitação de abertura bucal enão possui sintomatologia dolorosa durante a aberturae o fechamento bucal. Objetivo: relatar e discutir, pormeio de um caso cirúrgico, o tratamento da limitaçãode abertura bucal causada por hiperplasia bilateral doprocesso coronoide. Relato de caso: paciente do sexofeminino, com 11 anos de idade, foi encaminhada paraatendimento devido à dificuldade de mastigação emfunção da limitação de abertura bucal, sem históricode trauma em face ou na região articular. O exame tomográficoevidenciou o alongamento bilateral do processocoronoide, fazendo com que ele colidisse com oarco zigomático durante a abertura bucal e causasse otravamento. O tratamento proposto foi a coronoidectomiabilateral com acesso cirúrgico intraoral, obtendono pós-cirúrgico imediato um ganho na abertura bucal.Considerações finais: a coronoidectomia é uma abordagemcirúrgica de fácil acesso por via intraoral, poucotraumática e eficaz no tratamento de pacientes com hiperplasiado processo coronoide. (AU)

The coronoid process hyperplasia is an unusual condition of unknown etiology that is presented clinically through mouth opening limitation, without painful symptoms during mouth opening and closure. Objective: to report and discuss, through a surgical case, the treatment of mouth opening limitation caused by bilateral coronoid process hyperplasia. Case report: female patient, 11 years old, referred due to chewing difficulty by mouth opening limitation. No history of trauma in the face or joint area. The tomographic examination showed the bilateral elongation of the coronoid process, causing it to collide with the zygomatic arch during mouth opening, which caused locking. The treatment proposed was bilateral coronoidectomy with intraoral surgical access, which enhanced mouth opening at the immediate postoperative period. Final considerations: coronoidectomy is a surgical approach with easy intraoral access, non-traumatic, and effective in the treatment of patients with coronoid process hyperplasia. (AU)

Programa terapêutico fonoaudiológico para abertura de boca em pacientes com câncer de boca e orofaringe em radioterapia adjuvante: estudo piloto / Speech-language therapy program for mouth opening in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy: a pilot study

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar, por meio da comparação entre a abertura máxima mandibular, a efetividade de programa terapêutico miofuncional oral em pacientes com câncer de boca ou orofaringe submetidos à radioterapia adjuvante. Método Estudo prospectivo envolvendo cinco pacientes adultos e cinco idosos em pós-operatório de cirurgia de boca/orofaringe que aguardavam início da radioterapia ou até a quinta sessão. No início e no final do programa, os participantes tiveram suas medidas de abertura máxima mandibular mensuradas por meio de paquímetro e foram selecionados cinco exercícios - dois de mobilidade e três de tração mandibular - com controle presencial durante oito semanas, perfazendo um total de dez semanas. Dados descritivos e a comparação das medidas pré e pós-fonoterapia por meio do teste de Wilcoxon foram considerados na análise dos dados. Resultados Dez pacientes finalizaram o programa terapêutico (duas mulheres e oito homens), com média de idade de 58,4 anos, mediana de 57,0 anos. Apresentaram média de abertura máxima mandibular de 31,6 ± 11,7 mm antes do tratamento e 36,4 ± 8,0 mm no pós-terapia (p=0,021). Conclusão O programa terapêutico miofuncional oral proposto promoveu aumento da abertura máxima vertical da mandíbula de pacientes submetidos à radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia adjuvante para tratamento de câncer de boca e orofaringe.

ABSTRACT Purpose Assess the effectiveness of an orofacial myofunctional therapeutic program in patients with oral or oropharyngeal cancer submitted to adjuvant radiotherapy through pre- and post-program comparison of maximum mandibular opening. Methods Prospective study involving five adult patients and five elderly patients postoperatively to oral cavity/oropharynx surgery who were awaiting the beginning of radiotherapy or had undergone fewer than five treatment sessions. The study participants had their maximum jaw opening measured using a sliding caliper at the beginning and end of the program. Two mobility exercises and three mandibular traction exercises were selected and weekly monitored presentially for 10 weeks. Descriptive data and pre- and post-therapy comparative measures were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results Ten patients (two women and eight men) with mean age of 58.4 years, median of 57.0 years, completed the therapeutic program. They presented mean maximum mandibular opening of 31.6 ± 11.7 and 36.4 ± 8.0 mm pre- and post-therapy, respectively (p =0.021). Conclusion The proposed orofacial myofunctional therapeutic program increased the maximum jaw opening of patients referred to adjuvant radiotherapy for oral cavity or oropharynx cancer treatment.

Oral motor and electromyographic characterization of adults with facial fractures: a comparison between different fracture severities

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the oral motor system of adults with facial injuries and to compare the oral motor performance/function between two different groups. METHODS: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 38 patients presenting with facial trauma who were assigned to the Division of Orofacial Myology of a Brazilian School Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1) consisted of 19 patients who were submitted to open reduction of at least one facial fracture, and Group 2 (G2) consisted of 19 individuals who were submitted to closed fracture reduction with maxillomandibular fixation. For comparison purposes, a group of 19 healthy volunteers was recruited. All participants underwent a clinical assessment that included an oral motor evaluation, assessment of the mandibular range of motions, and electromyographic assessment of the masticatory muscles. RESULTS: Clinical assessment of the oral motor organs indicated that G1 and G2 presented deficits related to the posture, position, and mobility of the oral motor organs. Patients also presented limited mandibular ranges of movement. Deficits were greater for individuals in G1, especially for maximal incisor opening. Additionally, patients in G1 and G2 presented a similar electromyographic profile of the masticatory muscles (i.e., patients with facial fractures presented lower overall muscle activity and significant asymmetrical activity of the masseter muscle during maximum voluntary teeth clenching). CONCLUSION: Patients in G1 and G2 presented similar functional deficits after fracture treatment. The severity of facial fractures did not influence muscle function/performance 4 months after the correction of fractures.

Lipoma gigante do coxim adiposo bucal: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Giant lipoma of the buccal fat pad: case report and literature review

INTRODUÇÃO: Lipomas são os tumores benignos mesenquimais mais comuns. Entretanto, são pouco frequentes na face, principalmente o tipo considerado gigante, derivado do coxim adiposo bucal. A literatura é escassa e provavelmente a sua incidência é subestimada. MÉTODO: Relato do caso de tratamento cirúrgico de lipoma gigante bucal e temporal recidivado, e revisão da literatura no Pubmed na língua inglesa e na Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica. RESULTADOS: O tumor, anatômica e morfologicamente, corresponde ao coxim adiposo bucal, foi totalmente retirado pelo acesso facial e temporal, sem sequelas ao nervo facial. Foram encontrados 31 casos relatados de lipoma de origem do coxim adiposo bucal, entretanto, vários casos foram encontrados e relatados sob outras denominações. DISCUSSÃO: O coxim adiposo bucal é maior e mais complexo que se conhecia, e várias patologias se derivam deste, sendo importante o diagnóstico diferencial do lipoma simples com o de células fusiformes e com o lipossarcoma, devido a sua extrema semelhança. CONCLUSÃO:Nas lesões lipomatosas da face, a possível origem no coxim adiposo bucal deve ser considerada. Um estudo amplo dessas lesões com a finalidade de uniformizar a terminologia e de determinar a sua real incidência deve ser realizado.

INTRODUCTION: Lipomas are the most common benign mesenchymal tumors. Nevertheless, they are infrequent in the face, particularly giant lipomas, which are derived from the buccal fat pad. The literature regarding these tumors is scarce and their incidence is likely underestimated. METHODS: We present a case report of surgical treatment of a relapsed giant buccal and temporal lipoma and review the related English literature in Pubmed and that in the Brazilian Journal of Plastic Surgery. RESULTS: The tumor, which anatomically and morphologically corresponded to the buccal fat pad, was completely excised by facial and temporal access without sequelae to the facial nerve. A total of 31 reported cases of lipoma originating from the buccal fat pad were found; however, several were found and reported under other names. DISCUSSION: The buccal fat pad is larger and more complex than assumed, and several pathologies are derived thereof, making the differential diagnosis of simple lipoma with fusiform cell lipoma and liposarcoma difficult due to their extreme similarities. CONCLUSION: In lipomatous lesions of the face, the possible origin in the buccal fat pad must be considered. An extensive study of these lesions with the purpose of standardizing the terminology and determining its real incidence must be performed.

Papel de la leptina en la fisiología y fisiopatología oral / Leptin’s role in oral physiology and physiopathology

Hace 20 años se caracterizó por primera vez a la leptina, como un péptido anorexigénico que actúa a nivel del hipotálamo y desde entonces se le ha descrito un papel clave en el funcionamiento de una gran diversidad de tejidos, siendo la boca un sitio blanco para muchas funciones mediadas por este péptido, tales como la inducción del crecimiento y diferenciación de diversos tejidos dentales y periodontales, la modulación de la percepción del sabor dulce en las papilas gustativas, la regulación de la deglución y la activación de la respuesta inmunológica. Por otra parte, la leptina juega un papel importante en la mediación de la respuesta ante diferentes agentes agresores en la boca, como las bacterias periodontopatógenas y el alcohol, además participa en ciertos tipos de cáncer en esta cavidad. Este resumen pretende dar una visión general de los diferentes roles que cumple la leptina a nivel bucal descritos hasta la fecha, comenzando por su función en la boca sana, hasta llegar a su participación en la fisiopatología bucal.

Leptin was characterized for the first time 20 years ago as an anorexigenic peptide that acts on the hypothalamus and has since been described as having a key role in the functioning of a great number of tissues. The mouth is one of the areas of the body where this peptide influences processes, such as growth induction and differentiation of various dental and periodontal tissues, modulation of sweet tastes’ perception in the taste buds, swallowing regulation and immune response activation. Moreover, leptin also plays an important role in mediating the response to different oral aggressors, such as periodontopathic bacteria and alcohol, as well as its involvement in certain types of mouth cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of leptin’s known roles on the oral cavity to date, ranging from its function in a healthy mouth to its involvement in oral physiopathology.

Oral Lesions in Elderly Patients in Referral Centers for Oral Lesions of Bahia

Introduction The aging population phenomenon is occurring on a global scale; aging affects all of the structures of organisms, including the oral cavity. Objective To estimate the frequency of oral lesions, according to the clinical and histopathologic diagnoses, and to describe the sociodemographic profile of the elderly treated at the referral centers of oral lesions of public universities in Bahia, Brazil. Methods A descriptive epidemiologic study with transverse characteristics was conducted with elderly patients between August 2010 and January 2012. A form was used to collect data. The descriptive analysis consisted of calculating the simple and relative frequencies of sociodemographic variables and oral lesions. Results The population was predominantly black women, and the minority of elderly people were retired. Fibroid (13%) and squamous cell carcinoma (145%) were more prevalent clinical diagnoses, with squamous cell carcinoma (30.7%) and fibrous hyperplasia more prevalent histopathologic diagnoses. Conclusion A prevention policy needs to be implemented to reduce new cases of oral lesions in Bahia, Brazil and to aid in early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of oral lesions.

Electromyographic fatigue of orbicular oris muscles during exercises in mouth and nasal breathing children / Fadiga eletromiográfica dos músculos orbiculares da boca durante exercícios em crianças respiradoras orais e nasais

PURPOSE: To investigate the process of fatigue in orbicularis oris muscles by analyzing the median frequency of electromyographic signal and the referred fatigue time, according to the breathing mode and the facial pattern. METHODS: The participants were 70 children, aged 6 to 12 years, who matched the established criteria. To be classified as 36 nasal-breathing and 34 mouth-breathing children, they underwent speech-language, otorhinolaryngologic, and cephalometric evaluation. For the electromyographic assessment, the children had to sustain lip dumbbells weighing 40, 60, and 100 g and a lip exerciser, until the feeling of fatigue. Median frequency was analyzed in 5, 10, 15, and 20 seconds of activity. The referred time of the feeling of fatigue was also recorded. Data were analyzed through the analysis of variance - repeated measures (post hoc Tukey's test), Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the median frequency from 5 seconds of activity was observed, independently from the comparison between the groups. On comparison, the muscles did not show significant decrease. The reported time for the feeling of fatigue was shorter for mouth-breathing individuals. This feeling occurred after the significant decrease in the median frequency. CONCLUSION: There were signals that indicated myoelectric fatigue for the orbicularis oris muscles, in both groups analyzed, from the first 5 seconds of activity. Myoelectric fatigue in the orbicularis oris muscles preceded the reported feeling of fatigue in all groups. The account for fatigue time was influenced by only the breathing pattern, occurring more precociously in mouth-breathing children. .

OBJETIVO: Estudar a fadiga dos músculos orbiculares da boca, por meio da análise da frequência mediana do sinal eletromiográfico e do tempo de fadiga referido, segundo o modo respiratório e o padrão facial de crescimento. MÉTODOS: Participaram 70 crianças, entre 6 e 12 anos de idade, que se adequaram aos critérios estabelecidos. Para serem classificadas em 36 respiradoras nasais e 34 orais, realizaram avaliação fonoaudiológica, otorrinolaringológica e cefalométrica. Para a avaliação eletromiográfica, as crianças sustentaram halteres labiais de 40, 60 e 100 g e exercitador labial, até a sensação de fadiga. A frequência mediana foi analisada em 5, 10, 15 e 20 segundos de atividade. Também foi registrado o tempo referido da sensação de fadiga. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes Análise de Variância (ANOVA) - medidas repetidas (post-hoc Tukey), Kruskal-Wallis e U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Houve decréscimo significativo da frequência mediana a partir dos cinco segundos de atividade, independentemente da comparação entre os grupos. Quando realizada essa comparação, os músculos não demonstraram decréscimo significativo; o tempo relatado para a sensação de fadiga foi menor nos respiradores orais. Essa sensação ocorreu após a significância do decréscimo da frequência mediana. CONCLUSÃO: Houve sinais indicativos de fadiga mioelétrica para os músculos orbiculares da boca, nos grupos analisados, já a partir dos cinco segundos de atividade. A fadiga mioelétrica nos músculos orbiculares da boca precedeu a sensação de fadiga relatada em todos os grupos. O relato do tempo de fadiga sofreu influência apenas do modo respiratório, ocorrendo mais precocemente nas crianças respiradoras orais. .

Estudo das alterações ante-morte da cavidade oral de mãos-peladas (Procyon cancrivorus) de vida livre e de cativeiro / Study of the ante-mortem changes of the oral cavity of crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) free living and in captivity

A maioria das doenças dos animais de natureza e cativeiro encontra-se associada à proximidade humana, que resulta da fragmentação e degradação do habitat destes animais, no isolamento das espécies e no contato mais próximo entre estes e animais domésticos e o homem. Foram estudados os sincrânios de 104 mãos-peladas (Procyon cancrivorus) por meio de avaliação direta, preenchimento de ficha odontológica veterinária e documentação fotográfica, que relataram anormalidades encontradas, as quais foram classificadas e contabilizadas para fins estatísticos. Os achados deste trabalho aludem que os animais de cativeiro foram mais acometidos com as lesões relacionadas à doença periodontal, como cálculo, reabsorção óssea alveolar, deiscência, fenestração, exposição de furca, além de maloclusão, apinhamento dentário e os níveis mais graves de desgaste dentário. Os animais de vida livre apresentaram mais altos índices de fraturas, perdas dentárias ante-morte e escurecimento dentário, que caracterizam maior trauma dentário, durante o processo alimentar. Pretendeu-se, assim, estabelecer um parâmetro do estado de saúde oral da espécie estudada, sua frequência e se esta apresenta as mesmas enfermidades orais em vida livre e em cativeiro, relacionando a prevalência de afecções orais com características da ecologia da espécie.

Most diseases of animals in nature and captivity is linked to human proximity, resulting from habitat fragmentation and degradation of these animal habitats, the isolation of the species and the close contact between them and domestic animals and manhood. We studied 104 crab-eating raccoons (Procyon cancrivorus) skulls by direct assessment of sheet filling veterinary dental and photographic documentation reporting these abnormalities, which were classified and recorded for statistical purposes. The findings show that the captive animals were most affected with injuries related to periodontal disease, such as calculus, alveolar bone resorption, dehiscence, fenestration, furcation exposure, as well as malocclusion, crowding and severe levels of tooth wear. The free-living animals showed the highest rates of fractures, ante-mortem tooth loss and tooth blackout, which feature larger dental injuries during the feeding process. The intention was therefore to establish a parameter of oral health status of the species studied, their frequency and whether it has the same oral diseases in the wild life and in captivity, relating the prevalence of oral diseases with ecological characteristics of the specie.

Avaliação da abertura bucal em pacientessubmetidos à radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço / Evaluation of mouth opening in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy

A radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço quando direcionada à articulaçãotemporomandibular e músculos da mastigação, pode provocar sequelas como redução daamplitude de abertura bucal e trismo, que, muitas vezes, pode ser irreversível.Objetivo: comparar a amplitude de abertura bucal, antes e após a radioterapia da regiãode cabeça e pescoço.Metodologia: foram selecionados 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de tumores malignos decabeça e pescoço para serem submetidos à mensuração da abertura bucal 30 dias antes daradioterapia, e 90 dias após. Também foram observadas as características gerais comotipo histológico do tumor e dose de radioterapia.Resultados: a idade média da amostra foi de 58 anos, sendo que 80,76% eram do sexomasculino e 19,24% do feminino. Na primeira avaliação encontrou‐se limitação deabertura bucal (35,08±8,74), e 90 dias após a radioterapia houve aumento da limitação deabertura bucal (31,5±10,42), porém, sem mostrar significância estatística (p≤0,061).Conclusão: não houve agravamento da limitação de abertura bucal após três meses deradioterapia...

When temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication are in the fieldof radiation, trismus and restriction of mouth opening are common and often irreversiblesequelae.Aim: compare mouth opening before and after head and neck radiotherapy.Methodology: thirty patients with head and neck malignant tumors were chosen to havetheir mouth opening measured 30 days before and 90 days after radiotherapy. Generalcharacteristics as histological type of the tumor and radiotherapy dose were alsoevaluated.Results: the mean age of the sample was 58 years, 21 subjects (80.76%) were male, and 5(19.24%) were female. At the first evaluation, we found mouth opening restriction(35.08±8.74) and ninety days after radiotherapy the mouth opening increased (31.5±10.42),but without statistical significance (p≤0.061).Conclusion: the mouth opening did not worse after 3 months of radiotherapy...

Tumores Ondontogénicos: reporte de tres casos y revisión de la literatura / Odontogenic tumors: report of three cases and literature review

Los tumores odontogénicos son neoplasias que se desarrollan exclusivamente en mandíbula o el maxilar, originadas por proliferación del tejido epitelial mesenquimal. Representan 5 por ciento 8 por ciento de los tumores de cavidad oral. La gran mayoría son benignos y sólo 5 por ciento presentan características malignas. Reportamos los hallazgos clínicos, radiológicos y patológicos de tres casos: mixoma odontógeno, carcinoma primario intraóseo y carcinoma ameloblástico. Las neoplasias derivadas del aparato odontogénico constituyen un grupo morfológicamente heterogéneo poco frecuente de lesiones que afectan a los maxilares y región bucal. Los tipos histológicos más comunes son: odontomas complejos y compuestos (65 por ciento), ameloblastoma con 11 por ciento, tumor odontogénico adenomatoide 3 por ciento y mixoma odontogénico. Todos fueron tumores malignos uno benigno. Los de origen odontógeno son infrecuentes, debemos tener en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones clínicamente originadas en el maxilar superior y mandíbula. La resección quirúrgica amplia con márgenes adecuados es el tratamiento de elección.

Odontogenic tumours are neoplasms developed exclusively in maxilla and mandible, arise from the epithelial component or the mesenchyman. They account for minimum percentage of all oral cavity tumors, represent between 5 % and 8 %. Mostly are benign neoplasms only 5 % are malignant. Clinico-pathological features, radiological findings and outcomes: odontogenic myxoma, primary intraosseous carcinoma and one ameloblastic carcinoma are presented. Odontogenic neoplasm derived from the odontogenic apparatus or its cellular remnants comprise a morphologically heterogeneous group of tumors that affect the oral and maxillofacial region. Most common histological types are the complex and compound odontomas (65 %), followed by ameloblastoma with 11 %, adenomatoid odontogenic tumour with 3 % and odontogenic myxoma. Our review comprises two malignant tumors and one benign. Odontogenic tumors are rare we must consider them in the differential diagnosis in maxilla and mandible tumors. Wide surgical resection with oncologic margins is the treatment of choice.

Joint disorder: nonreducing disc displacement with mouth opening limitation - report of a case

The internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) represents 8 percent of all cases of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) posing difficulties to establish an accurate diagnosis and treatment because of its low prevalence. This article presents the case of an 18-year-old Caucasian female patient who came to our Orofacial Pain and TMD Outpatient Service with complaints of intense pain on the right TMJ and limitation of mouth opening (maximum interincisal opening of 29 mm) with deviation to right, which she had been experiencing for the past 3 years. After a detailed clinical interview, a diagnosis hypothesis of nonreducing disc displacement with mouth opening limitation was established. The proposed treatment consisted of intra-joint infiltration with anesthetic in the right TMJ followed by jaw manipulation to recapture the articular disc, which was impeding the complete translation movement of the affected TMJ. After jaw manipulation, a new evaluation was done and showed the re-establishment of jaw dynamics with mouth opening and closing without deviation to the right side, clicking, opening limitation or pain. The patient was followed up at 6 months intervals. Two years after treatment, the patient was reevaluated and her mandibular range of motion without aid increased to 54 mm with no clicking, deviation to right, trismus or pain on the TMJ, indicating success of the treatment approach without recurrence of the pathology.

Oral manifestations of lamellar ichthyosis; a case report

The name ichthyosis is derived from the Greek ikhthus meaning "fish" and refers to the similarity in appearance of the skin to fish scale. The ichthyoses are a heterogeneous group of disorders. There are few studies about the oral manifestations of these disorders. But early reports of ichthyosis in the Indian and Chinese literature date back to several hundred years. Oral manifestations of the 14-year-old female patient with ichthyosis are presented. Physical examination revealed thick, brownish scales covering the entire body surface including all larger body flexures and corneae. She had short and dry hair. There were no nail abnormalities and hearing loss. We consider that this patient represents a new manifestation of lamellar ichthyosis disease, because congenitally teeth missing and cephalometric analysis measurements have not been reported before

Lipoma em mucosa bucal / Lipoma in the oral mucosa

Tido como neoplasia mesenquimal benigna rara na boca, o lipoma em geral apresenta algumas características que facilitam o diagnóstico, como o fato de apresentar menor densidade que o líquido fixador, permitindo à peça cirúrgica boiar quando inserida no frasco. O presente artigo relata um caso de lipoma intrabucal em paciente melanoderma de 59 anos, sexo feminino, que apresentava lesão nodular na mucosa jugal direita, cor escura, assintomática. A conduta adotada foi a realização de biópsia excisional, fixando-se a peça cirúrgica em formol, não se observando flutuação desta. Dentre outros dados diagnósticos, os autores reúnem dados microscópicos e discutem fatores prognósticos do caso.

Lipoma, a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm in the mouth, generally presents some characteristics that facilitate the diagnosis, such as the fact that it presents a lower density than the fixative fluid, allowing the surgical device to float when inserted into the flask. This paper reports a case of oral lipoma in a 59-year-old black woman, presenting as a nodule with brown pigmentation on its surface. After the surgical excision, the anatomical specimen was conditioned in the fixing solution, no floating being observed. Among other diagnostic data, the authors present microscopic data and discuss prognostic factors of the case.

Lesões da mucosa oral em pacientes idosos: um problema pouco enfatizado por médicos e pesqisadores / Oral mucosa lesions in elderlly inpatients: a problem little emphasized by doctors and researchers

Objetivos: Estimar a freqüência de lesões da mucosa oral em idosos internados nas várias especialidades de hospital geral, em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais; determinar com qual freqüência as lesões detectadas pelos pesquisadores haviam sido identificadas também pelos médicos responsáveis pelos pacientes estudados e veridicar a possível associação dessas lesões com sexo, tabagismo, etilismo, edentulismo e uso de próteses dentárias. Pacientes e métodos: Os pacientes foram selecionados de acordo com a idade (60 anos e mais), a partir do prontuário médico, de onde também se extraíram informações sobre o sexo, realização do exame da cavidade oral pelo médico assistente e sobre a detecção de lesões da mucosa oral pelo mesmo. O diagnóstico das lesões baseou-se nas suas características clínicas. Resultados: Foram avaliados 198 pacientes, com idade média de 75 anos, sendo 116 do sexo feminino e 82 masculino. Foram detectadas lesões nas cavidades orais de 69 pacientes (34,8 por cento). Em apenas 13 pacientes (6,6 por cento) as lesões haviam sido detectadas também pelo médico assistente. As lesões mais freqüentemente encontradas foram candidíase (23 por cento), epulis fissuratum (11 por cento), hiperplasia inflamatória (11 por cento), afta recorrente (10 por cento), papiloma (10 por cento), queilite angular (7 por cento) e leucoplasia (3 por cento). Em relação à associação das lesões com sexo, tabagismo, etilismo, edentulismo e uso de prótese, encontrou-se que o uso de prótese esteve associado com maior número de lesões, especificamente, com hiperplasia inflamatória. Conclusões: Os dados ora apresentados são comparáveis aos observados em outros estudos, mas, diferentemente daqueles, demonstram o pequeno interesse dos médicos pelo exame da cavidade oral dos seus pacientes. Ressaltamos, portanto, a importância deste trabalho, cujos resultados alertam para a necessidade da realização do exame da cavidade oral por todos os profissionais que cuidam de pacientes idosos.

Aims: To estimate the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions in elderly inpatients admitted to different specialities of a general hospital, its possible association with gender, smoking habit, alcohol use, edentulis and dental prosthesis anda how often these lesions go unrecognizes. Patients and methods: The case notes of all patients 60 years of age and older of both sexes were analyzes in order to identify whether the oral cavity was examined by the responsible doctor and what kind of oral mucosa lesions were detected. Results: A total of 198 patients (median age: 75 years) (116 females; 82 males) were evaluated. Oral cavity lesions were detected in 69 patients (34,8 percent). In only 13 patients (6,6 percent) lesions were recognized by the responsible doctor. The most frequently found lesions were: candidiasis (23 percent), epulis fissuratum (11 percent), inflammatory hyperplasia (11 percent), recurrente aphthous ulcer (10 percent), papilloma (10 percent), angular chelilitis (7 percent) and leucoplakia (3 percent). The use of dental prosthesis was associated with a greater number of lesions specifically inflammatory hyperplasia. Conclusions: The prevalence and type of oral mucosa lesions found in our study is similar to other studies. Nevertheless, is was clear that routine examination of the oral cavity was not performed regularly. It's highlighted the importance of routine examination of elderly oral cavity.

Alterations of the oral ecosystem in children with celiac disease

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar las alteraciones del ecosistemabucal en niños sintomáticos con Enfermedad Celíaca (EC), para establecer un patrón de marcadores orales característico que pueda ser utilizado como diagnóstico orientativode EC. Material y Métodos: Se estudió una muestra de n=52 niños con EC según criterios de European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, And Nutrition (ESPGAN) modificados 1990.Se realizó la evaluación clínica odontológica de los tejidos blandosy duros. Se obtuvieron muestras de saliva, en las cuales se midieron capacidad buffer, proteínas totales, calcio, fosfato y se realizaron los perfiles electroforéticos mediante SDS PAGE 12 por ciento. Además se recolectaron citologías exfoliativas por cepillado.de mucosa oral. Resultados: se observó una baja frecuencia de alteraciones estructurales en el esmalte, particularmente en la dentición permanente en niños con Enfermedad Celíaca. Estas alteraciones se manifestaron con coherencia cronológica(31,7 por ciento), bilateralidad (26,8 por ciento) y simetría (29,23 por ciento). La citología exfoliativa en el grupo celíaco (20 por ciento) mostró la presencia significativa de morfonucleares y núcleos libres. En este mismo grupo se observaron diferencias significativas en la capacidad amortiguadora, niveles de IgAs, volumen minuto, calcio y relación Ca/P (p<0,05). Y a nivel de los perfiles de proteínas se observó la desaparición de bandas de bajo, medio y alto peso molecular en los niños celíacos. onclusión: nuestros resultados nos permiten elaborar un patrón de alteraciones a nivel del ecosistema bucal de los niños con EC. Del conjunto de variables con mayor relevancia en los pacientes con EC fueron las relacionadas a características de las alteraciones del esmalte dentario, morfología de la mucosa oral y modificaciones de algunos parámetros salivales que permitiría orientar al profesional odontólogo a derivar a pacientes con este patrón al profesional médico competente.

A participação das metaloproteinases da matriz nos processos fisiopatológicos da cavidade bucal / The participation of matrix metalloproteinases in the physiopathological processes of the oral cavity

Metaloproteinases da Matriz (MMPs) são um importante grupo de enzimas proteolíticas zinco-dependentes responsáveis pela degradação de matriz extracelular e membranas basais. As enzimas são secretadas em uma forma latente e se tornam ativadas no ambiente pericelular, sendo relacionadas a processos fisiológicos e patológicos na área odontológica. No presente estudo, foram revisados alguns aspectos importantes das MMPs, discutindo-se o papel dessas enzimas em processos fisiológicos como o início da mineralização dentinária, a remodelação do colágeno dos tecidos periodontais e o processo de erupção, entre outros. Dentre os processos patológicos que acometem a cavidade bucal e envolvem a participação das MMPs, destacam-se a destruição tecidual periodontal, as lesões de cárie radicular, as metástases em alguns tipos de tumores e as desordens da articulação temporomandibular

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an important group of zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that mediate the extracellular matrix and basement membrane degradation. The enzymes are secreted in latent form and become activated in the pericellular environment and have been related with physiological and pathologic oral process. In the present work we review some important aspects of matrix metalloproteinases, and discuss the role of these enzymes in the normal physiological process like the role of MMPs in the beginning of the teeth mineralization, collagen remodeling in the periodontal tissues, eruption process, and others. In the oral pathological processes, we have the periodontal tissue destruction, root caries, metastasis in some kind of tumors and disorders of the temporomandibular join

Profile of systemic sclerosis in a tertiary care center in North India.

AIM: To study the clinical and immunological profile in patients of systemic sclerosis from North India and compare it with other ethnic groups. METHODS: Patients presenting to us between the years 2001 and 2004 and fulfilling the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria for systemic sclerosis were included. There were 84 females and 16 males with the mean age of 32.5 +/-11.62 years and a mean duration of 6.49 +/- 4.34 years. All patients were admitted to the dermatology ward for detailed history and examination including Rodnan score. Investigations including hemogram, hepatic and renal functions, serum electrolytes, urine for albumin, sugar, microscopy and 24h urinary protein estimation, antinuclear antibody, chest X-ray, barium swallow, pulmonary function test, electrocardiogram and skin biopsy were done. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptoms were skin binding-down (98.5%), Raynaud's phenomenon 92.9%, pigmentary changes 91%, contracture of fingers 64.6%, fingertip ulcer 58.6%, restriction of mouth opening 55.5%, dyspnea 51.1%, joint complaints 36.7% and dysphagia in 35.2%. The mean Rodnan score was 25.81 +/- 10.04 and the mean mouth opening was 24.6 +/- 19.01 mm. The laboratory abnormalities included raised ESR in 87.8%, ANA positive in 89.1%, proteinuria in 6.0%, abnormal chest X-ray in 65.3%, abnormal barium swallow in 70.2% and reduced pulmonary function test in 85.8%. CONCLUSION: The clinical and immunological profile of systemic sclerosis in North India is similar to that of other ethnic groups except that pigmentary changes are commoner and renal involvement is relatively uncommon.